Justice Stocktake 2025
Northern Territory Social Justice Stocktake 2025
Social justice in Northern Territory Social Justice Stocktake 2025
When respondents to the Stocktake survey considered issues in their community, alcohol and drug misuse appeared in the top five of 120 electorates and seven of the eight states and territories. 82.7 per cent identified it as an issue in the Northern Territory (NT) community, making it the top issue of concern. In the NT, the rate of drug-induced deaths was higher than the national average of 6.9 deaths per 100,000, with 7.4 deaths per 100,000.[1] Interestingly, alcohol and other drug misuse did not appear as a top five issue when respondents considered themselves in any electorate, state or territory. Although we did not collect information to explain this difference it is reasonable to assume that media attention to harm caused by alcohol and other drugs may have made this issue front of mind for respondents.
The NT, like the rest of Australia, is experiencing a housing crisis. In the NT, 70.[2] per cent of people identified housing affordability and homelessness as an issue in the community and 35.1 per cent identified it as an issue for themselves. This is even higher than the result recorded in the 2022 Social Justice Stocktake of 42.5 per cent for housing affordability and 45.1 per cent for homelessness. The best estimates available suggest there are around 13,160 people experiencing homelessness in the NT alone2 and there is an unmet housing need of 8200 dwellings[3] . Not having a safe and secure home makes every part of life more difficult. Addressing issues in the housing system (and ending homelessness) is foundational to addressing the other social justice issues identified in this report.
Family violence is a prominent social justice issue for the people of the NT, with 67.5 per cent of participants identifying it as a top concern in their local community. This is above the Stocktake national average of 32.7 per cent. This figure is also higher than the National Community Attitudes towards Violence against Women Survey outcome, which found that 47 per cent of respondents agreed that family violence was a problem in their own suburb or town.[4] The NT has some of the highest rates of family violence in Australia and the world.[5] Family violence rates in the NT are three times the national average, and family violence related homicides are seven times the national average.[6] This, coupled with decreasing self-reported experiences of family violence in the NT, suggests significant underreporting.[7] Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women are disproportionately impacted by family violence. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in the Northern Territory have the highest rates of victimisation in the world, making up nine out of ten victim-survivors of family violence related assaults.[8] Respondents living in rural, regional, and remote areas in the NT are more likely to experience family violence than those living in capital cities. Women living in these areas face additional barriers to leaving family violence due to limited access to services and supports, and geographical isolation.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander disadvantage and discrimination was identified as an issue in the community by 47.6 per cent of people in the Territory. This return is in line with the 2022 Social Justice Stocktake and makes sense in the context of a much higher proportion of the population coming from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities (26.3 per cent compared to a national average of 3.2 per cent). Indigenous Australians in the Territory experience significantly poorer[9] outcomes across various life domains. Unemployment rates for Indigenous Australians in the NT stand at 18.5 per cent, compared to 3.9 per cent for non-Indigenous Australians. Housing insecurity is also a critical issue, with the Everybody’s Home heat maps revealing that 28.6 per cent of Indigenous households experience overcrowding,[10] contributing to health and social challenges. Additionally, education attainment is lower, with only 6.5 per cent of Indigenous people aged 20 to 24 having completed Year 12 or its equivalent,[11] compared to 20.3 per cent of nonIndigenous peers. These statistics highlight the urgent need for targeted policies and programs to address the systemic disadvantages faced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in the Northern Territory.
Mental health was the fifth issue identified by people in the NT in terms of the community and the top issue for themselves. At the last Stocktake, mental health was identified by around 30.1 per cent of people in the NT. At the last Census, in the NT, 5.1 per cent of people reported being diagnosed with a long-term mental health condition, including depression or anxiety.[12] Mental health is connected to every other social justice concern raised in this report and particularly linked with housing stress and homelessness.[13] The Salvation Army’s own experience has shown that mental ill health can drive and result from other forms of disadvantage as well as exacerbate and be exacerbated by other experiences of hardship. When we consider mental health, we need to consider that a purely medical response must be complemented by actions that address underlying disadvantage. The best possible clinical care will be less effective if a person is living in their car or unsafe in their home.
The rising cost of living has impacted everyone in Australia in some way and the NT is no exception. 32.5 per cent of respondents in the NT reported that financial hardship and inclusion was an issue in their community and 39.8 per cent identified it when thinking about themselves. This compares with 15.4 per cent who identified the same issue for their community in the 2022 Stocktake. Though the overall child poverty rate in the NT is 23.2 per cent, it is much higher in some areas, for example Karama in Solomon, where the child poverty rate is 53.6 per cent.[14] Roughly 23,740 people living in the Territory are reliant on JobSeeker or Youth Allowance.[15] The rates of both these payments are demonstrably too low and have the unintended consequence of trapping people in poverty.
In the NT, 14.1 per cent of people identified climate change as an issue in the community and 28.3 per cent identified it as an issue for themselves. This meant that while it was not in the top five issues in the community, it was the fifth most common response when people considered their own lives. The Climate Risk Map predicts that by 2050 with a ‘medium’ emission scenario, 9 per cent of properties in the Territory will be at risk.[16] An extraordinary 84 per cent of people in Australia have identified that they personally have been affected by a climate event or extreme weather[17] so it is an indication of how serious the other social justice issues are that climate change, while ranking highly, does not rank higher.
The NT echoed the general sentiment of Australia when asked what could be done about these issues and what decision-makers needed to know. We heard from respondents in the NT a strong sense of urgency as well as reflection on the need for politics to be put to the side and immediate action taken.
“For the government to actually listen to the people in the community instead of what they think needs to happen.” Lingiari
“In our local community, the government has lost a lot of support by not listening to locals and not taking action on a number of issues in a timely manner. For every person that has left the Territory as a result, I can think of 3 more that are preparing/ want to. If the current crime and social issues aren’t addressed, they will continue to lose community members with vast years of experience and expertise. They also need to be mindful that they are losing Elders and culture with years passing and little to no improvements in Indigenous affairs and gap outcomes. ” Solomon
Alcohol and drug misuse
Harmful alcohol and other drug use in Australia represents a significant public health concern, with wide-ranging social, economic, and health implications. Despite extensive efforts to address this issue, it remains a persistent challenge affecting individuals, families, and communities across the country.
Not all alcohol and drug use results in dependence or causes serious issues. In this context, we use the terminology “alcohol and drug misuse” to refer to substance use which incurs harm.
Some of the harm that can be associated with alcohol and drug misuse for individuals includes impacts on health and wellbeing, relationships, employment, and education. For the community, some of the harm from alcohol and drug misuse can include increased contact with the justice system, disease and injury, road accidents, and the exacerbation of mental ill-health and family and domestic violence.
Alcohol and other drug-related harm is both a driver and result of other forms of disadvantage. Often a person experiencing alcohol or other drug-related harm is also experiencing multiple disadvantages at once. Substance use itself can be disruptive to the brain, making it harder to change behaviour — even if a person wants to.
According to the National Drug Strategy Household Survey, in 2022-23 around 47 per cent of Australians aged 14 and over had used a non-prescribed drug at some point in their life (including pharmaceuticals used for non-medical purposes) and 16.4 per cent had used one in the last 12 months.[18]
It is also estimated that around one in 20 Australians have lived experience of alcohol or drug misuse.
1742 alcohol-induced deaths recorded in 2022
There were 1742 alcohol-induced deaths recorded in 2022. This was a 9.1 per cent increase on 2021.[19]
Almost one in two Australians have engaged in non-prescribed substance use in their lifetime.[20]
1 in 5
More than one in five Australians (21 per cent) aged 14 and over have been verbally or physically abused, or put in fear by another person who was under the influence of alcohol.[21]
Cost of addiction: $80.3B
In 2021 the cost of addiction in Australia was estimated at $80.3 billion.[22]
We have the power to make a difference
We can urge action from our governments
Governments can work together by investing in harm reduction and treatment services so that the health problems primarily associated with substance misuse can be mitigated.
When planning policy to address alcohol and drug use, governments need to understand the needs of local populations, particularly the voices of lived experience, to provide accessible alcohol and other drug treatment systems embedded within the wider welfare system to create pathways and services to better engage, maintain and transition people from treatment.
Alcohol and other drug misuse often occurs alongside other forms of disadvantage. Policy responses need to be holistic, tailored, and culturally appropriate, and focus on harm reduction and early intervention.
We can implement change in our community and our workplaces
Social connection is a supportive factor in minimising harm from alcohol and drug use. Community groups in particular have the power to ensure their events and activities are supportive and non-judgmental to create pathways for all people to build hopeful, purposeful, and meaningful lives.
Workplaces can incorporate understanding of alcohol and drug use, and the impact on health and wellbeing, in our wellbeing policies and supports (such as Employee Assistance Program which provides counselling to employees for a range of concerns).
We can have influence in our personal lives
Alcohol and drug misuse is a health issue and it can take great effort and courage to seek help. Instead of judging, we can listen and connect with people and reduce the stigma associated with substance use.
Housing affordability and homelessness
Homelessness is a widespread and serious issue in Australia — on any given night, 122,494 people in Australia are homeless;[23] however the number is likely much higher given the numbers of people not recorded as “no fixed address” and the increasing impact of a tight rental market.
Homelessness is when a person does not have suitable accommodation — that might mean that a person’s dwelling is inadequate, they do not have any security that they can stay where they are or they do not have control over their space.[24] Homelessness is a result of systemic and structural issues such as poverty, low income, and a lack of safe, affordable housing. The cost of homelessness to individuals, our community and economy is enormous, and increases the longer the individual remains homeless.
People who have experienced family and domestic violence, young people, children on care and protection orders, Indigenous Australians, people leaving health or social care arrangements, and Australians aged 45 or older are among some of the people most likely to experience homelessness.[25] Housing affordability relates to the relationship between expenditure on housing (prices, mortgage payments or rents) and household incomes. Any type of housing (including rental housing or home ownership, permanent or temporary, for-profit, or not-for-profit) is considered affordable if it costs less than 30 per cent of household income.
Access to appropriate, affordable, and secure housing is the basis of any individual and family’s engagement in work, education and social participation. In real terms, having a safe and secure home means having the breathing space to focus on thriving.
23% experiencing homelessness 12-24 yrs old
In 2021, 23 per cent of all people experiencing homelessness were aged between 12 and 24.[26]
640K Households
Around 640,000 households in Australia are not having their housing needs met.[27]
174.6K waiting
As at June 2022, there were 174,600 households waiting to be allocated public housing, with 68,000 of these households being considered of “greatest need”.[28]
In a 2024 snapshot, it was found that only three rentals across the entire country were affordable for a single person receiving the JobSeeker Payment and there were no affordable rentals for someone receiving Youth Allowance.[29]
1M low-income households
In 2019-20, approximately one million low-income households were in financial housing stress, meaning they were spending more than 30 per cent of their income on housing.[30]
We have the power to make a difference
We can urge action from our governments
All governments can commit to ending homelessness. This will involve all governments working together to address the structural drivers of homelessness such as poverty, low income, and the lack of social and affordable housing.
Critically, while the Housing Australia Future Fund is a start, it is critical that funding for affordable housing is not at the expense of social housing — both need to be fully funded. Governments need to work together to rapidly increase access to social housing, committing to building up social housing stock to be at least 10 per cent of total housing stock. This will relieve pressure across the entire housing continuum.
We can implement change in our community and our workplaces
Homelessness is extremely isolating and there are many places in our community where people experiencing homelessness do not feel welcome. Our community groups can ensure they remain open to people who are homeless by keeping the cost of activities and membership as low as possible or considering arrangements for lower fees for people experiencing financial hardship. Places of business can also make sure that people experiencing homelessness are welcome and do not experience stigma or discrimination when they are in public spaces. Community groups and businesses that have facilities might investigate whether they can create events or opportunities to share those facilities, such as having community dinners. We might also be able to make facilities such as showers and toilets available for use by members of the public who may not have access to a safe and secure place themselves.
We can have influence in our personal lives
There is a lot of stigma and shame associated with experiencing homelessness. We can treat people experiencing homelessness or housing stress with dignity and respect. If we see someone in the street experiencing homelessness, we can stop and engage.
Family violence
Family and domestic violence is a major health and welfare issue across Australia. It can impact all people, of all ages, from all backgrounds, but mainly impacts women and children.
Family and domestic violence is not always physical. Financial abuse, verbal abuse, emotional abuse, and coercive control can be less obvious, but just as harmful as physical violence. All forms of family violence can cause immediate and long-term harm to victim-survivors as well as others, especially children, who witness it.
Gender inequality and inequity in Australia provide the underlying conditions for violence against women. Many of the drivers of family violence are “societal”, and how we, as a community and as individuals, respond to gender inequity and gender stereotypes can be a powerful force for change.
Family and domestic violence interacts with every other social justice issue in this report. It is the most prevalent reason women access homelessness services at The Salvation Army and is a major driver in youth homelessness. Experience and study also demonstrate that family and domestic violence is a significant cause of poverty for those who experience it.[31] Addressing the causes of family and domestic violence will have a flow-on effect in preventing other harm and injustices experienced by victim-survivors across Australia.
2 in 5 experienced violence
Two in five women (39 per cent) have experienced violence since the age of 15.[32]
1 woman murdered every week
On average in Australia one woman every week is murdered by her current or former partner.[33]
33 times more likely to be hospitalised
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women are disproportionately impacted by family violence, and are 33 times more likely to be hospitalised than non-Indigenous women.[34]
Family and domestic violence is the leading driver of homelessness for women. In 2020-21, 116,200 of people who attended Specialist Homelessness Services reported they were escaping family violence.[35]
We have the power to make a difference
We can urge action from our governments
When victim-survivors seek help, we need to be able to help them. Governments can work together to ensure there is sufficient funding for crisis supports, and that those supports allow victim-survivors to be physically safe while continuing to be employed, pursue education and be connected.
Family violence is widespread but often misunderstood — we need to implement specialist training for key first responders to ensure they can correctly identify person/s in need of protection and respond with meaningful support options.
The most important support for a victim-survivor experiencing family violence is access to safe and secure housing — we need to increase the availability of suitable housing so that all victim-survivors can access support.
We can implement change in our community and our workplaces
Education is key. In our community groups and workplaces we can have safe but challenging conversations to ensure that people are equipped with the tools and resources to understand the nature of family and domestic violence as a pattern of behaviours over time.
We can also create environments where it is safe for employees and members to disclose family violence. This involves not just cultivating a safe culture but ensuring that leaders and managers have access to information, training and supervision so they are equipped to safely and compassionately connect people experiencing family violence to support.
We can have influence in our personal lives
We can challenge our own ideas and language around family violence and question when others use language that minimises or excuses violence within the family or home.
Everyone can call out negative behaviour. It is important to do so in a manner that doesn’t shame the victim, but you can always say “that’s not okay”.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander discrimination and disadvantage
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are part of the oldest living culture in the world, but they are also amongst the Australians who experience the most disadvantage. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities experience lower life expectancy and poorer health outcomes, while encountering higher rates of infant and maternal mortality,[36] family and domestic violence, suicide, and incarceration.
There are both historical and current contributors to this disadvantage, and the experience of colonialism[37] and suppression of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures have an ongoing negative effect on people from these cultures. Many of the drivers of disadvantage are systemic and structural. This means that as well as addressing disadvantage as it is experienced, we also need to address the underlying structures which cause, or lead to, discrimination and hardship.
In Australia, successive governments have committed to “Closing the Gap” between outcomes experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and those enjoyed by non-Indigenous Australians, but we are not making the progress that was intended.
The Productivity Commission Review report in February 2024 emphasised the need for a departure from a tokenistic approach and encourages governments to involve Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people,[38] organisations, and communities in assessing and addressing institutional racism and unconscious bias. The report also highlights the importance of empowering Indigenous communities to drive their own solutions and participate actively in decision-making processes
5 out of 19
Only five out of 19 “Closing the Gap” targets are on track. Children thriving in early childhood, imprisonment rates, the proportion of children in out-of-home care, and social and emotional wellbeing, have all worsened in recent years[39]
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children represent 44 per cent of children in out-of-home care but make up only six per cent of Australia’s children.[40]
58% employed
In 2021, 58 per cent of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples aged 15-24 were fully engaged in employment, education, or training, compared to 88 per cent of Australians in the same age bracket.[41]
Life expectancy gap still substantial
The most recent “Closing the Gap” review identified that the life expectancy gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians was still substantial (8.6 years for males and 7.8 years for females).[42]
We have the power to make a difference
We can urge action from our governments
Governments have committed to “Closing the Gap” but there are still issues with how the policies and programs created to close the gap are designed and implemented. It is critical that governments co-design and work with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in good faith to design programs that are truly fit for purpose and culturally appropriate.
The Commonwealth Government has committed to implementing the Uluru Statement from the Heart in full. In the wake of the “No” referendum result in 2023, it is critical that action to address historic and contemporary injustices, and centre Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander voices in every conversation that concerns them, is maintained.
We can implement change in our community and our workplaces
Any organisation can make a commitment to reconciliation. We can encourage the businesses and organisations we are involved with to develop a Reconciliation Action Plan.
In our workplaces we can ensure a safe and inclusive environment for Indigenous employees by implementing cultural awareness and competency training programs to foster understanding and respect for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures, histories, and perspectives.
When we are organising events, we can work with our local Traditional Owners as well as Indigenous organisations and groups to ensure the event respects Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander culture. We can foster partnerships with Indigenous-owned businesses and suppliers to create economic opportunities within Indigenous communities and contribute to sustainable economic development.
We can have influence in our personal lives
We can commit to learning more about the shared history of this land — even when that history is challenging or painful. We can then use that knowledge to show support and respect, such as using Indigenous place names or supporting Indigenous organisations, businesses, and events.
Climate change
Australia’s climate has warmed since records started to be kept in 1910.[43] This is because of the greenhouse effect, where the level of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere act as a blanket, trapping in heat.[44] The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) found that this has been caused by human activities.[45]
Changes in our climate have led to:
- More frequent and intense extreme weather events like floods, heatwaves and bushfires
- Changes to rainfall patterns
- Rising sea temperature and levels
- More hot days and less cold days
- Coral bleaching [46]
Climate change impacts go beyond the environmental impacts. Climate change will have strong impacts on physical and mental health, including those resulting from lack of access to clean water and sanitation, changes to spread in diseases, increased natural disasters, and poverty.
We are already experiencing this in Australia with disaster trends being complex, compounding and cascading, and it is expected to get worse.[47] Climate change responses must lower emissions and help our community adapt to a changing climate. Unfortunately, people already experiencing disadvantage are more likely to be impacted negatively both by climate change and by measures to adapt. They typically have fewer resources to reduce the personal impact of climate change (such as installing solar panels or moving to a safer region) and to recover from it (such as rebuilding after a flood or fire). This means that addressing climate change is not just an environmental or economic imperative — it is a social justice priority.
There has been an increase in extreme fire weather, and a longer fire season, across large parts of Australia since the 1950s.[50]
84% directly affected
A Climate Council survey found that 84 per cent of respondents had been directly affected by at least one climate-fuelled disaster since 2019. The same percentage report being worried that their home insurance may become unaffordable due to worsening disasters.[51]
$1532 average cost per Aussie household
It is estimated that the extreme weather events that happened between September 2021 and September 2022 cost every Australian household an average of $1532.[52]
We have the power to make a difference
We can urge action from our governments
As a nation we can commit to deep, rapid and sustained reductions in Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions before 2030, and net zero carbon dioxide emissions by the early 2050s.`
At all levels of government, we can invest in, and create, policies that encourage widespread investment in renewable energy, energy conservation and efficiency, and reducing transport emissions.
In relevant policy, regulatory and planning settings, the risks and impacts of climate change, especially on those already experiencing disadvantage, can be at the forefront of decision-making processes. Given the increasing likelihood and severity of climate-related disasters, it is imperative that governments commit effort and resources to developing resilience and preparedness.
We can implement change in our community and our workplaces
When we are making a business decision about what we sell or purchase and how we manage waste, we can consider the climate change impact of our actions.
Our community groups can support local food growers and producers, reclaim green spaces, or grow the local circular economy.
When we’ve found actions that work, we can share knowledge and resources to help and encourage others in the community reduce our individual and collective footprint.
We can have influence in our personal lives
We can commit to one change to reduce our individual greenhouse gas footprint. This could look like eating more sustainable and healthy meals once a week, reducing our food waste, catching public transport, cycling or walking instead of driving, or changing the energy sources we rely on.
Mental health
Mental health and wellbeing, just like physical health, exist on a spectrum. Mental illnesses, such as anxiety, depression, and substance abuse disorders are common, affecting millions of Australians of all ages and backgrounds. It is also important to recognise that less severe mental health concerns still undermine the mental wellbeing of too many Australians.
Any number of factors can contribute to a person’s experience of mental ill health, particularly economic stresses such as unemployment and homelessness, and social factors including family and domestic violence, discrimination and exclusion, loneliness and social isolation. Minor mental health problems can develop into more significant illness and this can have monumental negative impacts upon every component of a person’s work, social and family life. People experiencing significant mental illness can find it difficult to maintain employment, stable housing, connection to loved ones, and even physical health.
While significant progress has been made in recent years to raise awareness and improve access to mental health services, challenges persist in addressing the diverse needs of the population. Access to mental health services remains a critical issue, particularly in regional and remote areas where services are often limited or inaccessible. Long wait times, high costs, and a lack of culturally appropriate services can create barriers to seeking help for those in need. Additionally, stigma surrounding mental illness continues to deter individuals from seeking support and can exacerbate feelings of shame and isolation.
Mental illness does not discriminate. It is important that anyone experiencing mental ill health can access timely, non-judgmental and effective support so everyone can achieve and maintain mental health and wellbeing.
People living with mental ill health are likelier to develop a physical illness and are more likely to be hospitalised for preventable reasons.[53]
People living with mental illnesses have a life expectancy 10 to 15 years shorter than the general population, and this trend is growing.[54]
44% experienced mental ill health
44 per cent of the population, approximately 8.6 million Australians, have experienced mental ill health at some point in their life.[55]
4.2M in the past 12 months
21 per cent of Australians (4.2 million people) have experienced mental ill health in the past 12 months.[56]
We have the power to make a difference
We can urge action from our governments
Economic and social factors can negatively impact a person’s mental health. Systemic issues such as poverty, housing insecurity, family and domestic violence and other social and economic factors need to be addressed for any mental health strategy to be effective.
Governments can work together to implement diverse, ambitious, evidence-based trial programs to explore new approaches and deliver active outreach. One key priority is fixing the issue of the “missing middle” of mental health care provision, to address mental ill health before a person reaches a crisis.
We can implement change in our community and our workplaces
It is critical that workplaces treat employees’ and volunteers’ mental health and wellbeing as an element of Workplace Health and Safety (WHS). One action workplaces can take is to offer relevant staff and volunteers, including managers, leaders and senior staff members, training in mental health first aid just as we do physical first aid.
Our community groups can be powerful in providing social connection that can build resilience against mental ill health. It is important that we make sure that our events, activities, and spaces are welcoming for all people and do not create stigma around mental ill health.
We can have influence in our personal lives
In our own lives we can find strategies to build positive mental health and wellbeing. This includes asking for help when it is needed and finding out about local supports and services to foster positive mental health and address mental health concerns.
We can talk to the people in our lives if we are worried about their mental health, ask if they are okay, listen and help them to access support. If you are not sure what to say, there are helpful resources online.
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Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021). Estimating Homelessness: Census. ABS. [Link] ↩︎
van den Nouwelant, R., Troy, L. & Soundararaj, B. (2023). National Current and Projected Housing Needs 2022. [Link] ↩︎
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Brown, C., & Leung, L. (2023). Evidence Snapshot: what we know about domestic, family, and sexual violence in the Northern Territory – and what we don’t. The Equality Institute. [Link] ↩︎
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Everybody’s Home. (n.d.) Homelessness and social housing need in your local community. [Link] ↩︎
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021). Northern Territory 2021 Census All persons QuickStats. [Link] ↩︎
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021). Northern Territory 2021 Census All persons QuickStats. [Link] ↩︎
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2024). Specialist homelessness services. [Link] ↩︎
Miranti, R., Freyens. B., Vidyattama, Y., Tanton, R., & Shakir, G. (2024). Child Social Exclusion Index Nurturing Inclusion: Paving the Way to Improved Child Wellbeing. The Canberra School of Politics, Economics and Society (SchoPES), Faculty of Business, Government and Law (BGL), University of Canberra. Report commissioned by UnitingCare Australia. ↩︎
This dataset was originally found on data.gov.au “DSS Payments by Commonwealth Electoral Division - March 2024”. Please visit the source to access the original metadata of the dataset: [Link] ↩︎
Climate Council. (2022). Climate Risk Map of Australia. [Link] ↩︎
Climate Council. (2024). Survey Results: Climate-Fueled Disasters Cause Australians to Fear Permanent Loss of Homes. [Link] ↩︎
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2024). National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2022–2023. [Link] ↩︎
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2022). Causes of Death, Australia. [Link] ↩︎
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2024). National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2022–2023. [Link] ↩︎
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2024). National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2022–2023. [Link] ↩︎
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2023). Alcohol, tobacco and other drugs in Australia. [Link] ↩︎
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2023). Estimating Homelessness. [Link] ↩︎
This is a loose paraphrasing of the more robust statistical definition used by the Australian Bureau of Statistics - [Link] ↩︎
House of Representatives Standing Committee on Social Policy and Legal Affairs. (2021). Final report: Inquiry into homelessness in Australia. [Link] ↩︎
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2023). Estimating Homelessness. [Link] ↩︎
Van Den Nouwelant, R., Troy, L., & Soundararaj, B. (2022). Quantifying Australia’s Unmet Housing Need: A National Snapshot. Community Housing Industry Association, University of New South Wales City Futures Research Centre, University of Sydney. [Link] ↩︎
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2023). Housing Assistance in Australia. [Link] ↩︎
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2023). Housing Assistance in Australia. [Link] ↩︎
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2023). Housing Affordability. [Link] ↩︎
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Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2021-22). Personal Safety, Australia. ABS. [Link] ↩︎
Bryant, W., & Bricknell, S. (2017). Homicide in Australia 2012-13 to 2013-14: National Homicide Monitoring Program report. Australian Institute of Criminology. [Link] ↩︎
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AHURI. (2022). Housing, homelessness and domestic violence. [Link] ↩︎
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Productivity Commission. (2024). Review of the National Agreement on Closing the Gap: Study report. [Link] ↩︎
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